{"id":4597,"date":"2026-06-15T15:55:31","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T13:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/?p=4597"},"modified":"2026-06-16T08:40:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T06:40:00","slug":"oceany-modry-svet-ktory-nas-drzi-pri-zivote","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/oceany-modry-svet-ktory-nas-drzi-pri-zivote\/","title":{"rendered":"Oc\u00e9any: modr\u00fd svet, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1s dr\u017e\u00ed pri \u017eivote"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre\u010do s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 aj pre \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich stovky kilometrov od mora<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

Ke\u010f sa povie oce\u00e1n, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z n\u00e1s si predstav\u00ed pl\u00e1\u017ee, koralov\u00e9 \u00fatesy, ve\u013eryby alebo exotick\u00e9 krajiny. Oce\u00e1ny v\u0161ak nie s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 len pre pobre\u017en\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty. Ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eivot ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka na Zemi<\/strong> \u2013 vr\u00e1tane n\u00e1s na Slovensku. Pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa viac ne\u017e 70 % povrchu plan\u00e9ty, obsahuj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 97 % v\u0161etkej vody na Zemi a tvoria jeden z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa \u017eivot<\/strong>. Reguluj\u00fa kl\u00edmu, produkuj\u00fa kysl\u00edk, poskytuj\u00fa potravu miliard\u00e1m \u013eud\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa fungovanie glob\u00e1lnej ekonomiky.<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu dnes \u010delia viacer\u00fdm v\u00e1\u017enym hrozb\u00e1m \u2013 od plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia cez nadmern\u00fd rybolov a\u017e po klimatick\u00fa zmenu. Dobrou spr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee vieme, ak\u00e9 rie\u0161enia funguj\u00fa a hist\u00f3ria n\u00e1m ukazuje, \u017ee ochrana oce\u00e1nov dok\u00e1\u017ee prin\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n

Produkuj\u00fa kysl\u00edk, ktor\u00fd d\u00fdchame<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia si myslia, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina kysl\u00edka poch\u00e1dza z lesov. V skuto\u010dnosti pribli\u017ene polovicu kysl\u00edka na Zemi produkuj\u00fa oce\u00e1ny. <\/strong>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu z\u00e1sluhu na tom m\u00e1 fytoplankt\u00f3n<\/strong> \u2013 mikroskopick\u00e9 organizmy \u017eij\u00face v povrchov\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nu. Prostredn\u00edctvom fotosynt\u00e9zy premie\u0148aj\u00fa oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd na kysl\u00edk podobne ako rastliny na s\u00fa\u0161i.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd n\u00e1dych, ktor\u00fd urob\u00edme, m\u00f4\u017eeme obrazne po\u010fakova\u0165 oce\u00e1nu.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Reguluj\u00fa kl\u00edmu plan\u00e9ty<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b>Oce\u00e1ny funguj\u00fa ako obrovsk\u00fd klimatiza\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Zeme. Absorbuj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 90 % prebyto\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla<\/strong> vznikaj\u00faceho v d\u00f4sledku glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pohlcuj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry. Bez oce\u00e1nov by sa plan\u00e9ta otep\u013eovala ove\u013ea r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a extr\u00e9mne v\u00fdkyvy po\u010dasia by boli v\u00fdrazne intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm z mnoh\u00fdch rastlinn\u00fdch hrdinov je napr\u00edklad mangrovn\u00edk. Mangrovn\u00edky patria medzi najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie pobre\u017en\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my na svete<\/strong> \u2013 chr\u00e1nia pobre\u017eie pred er\u00f3ziou a b\u00farkami, poskytuj\u00fa \u00fato\u010disko mno\u017estvu \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dok\u00e1\u017eu uklada\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, \u010d\u00edm pom\u00e1haj\u00fa zmier\u0148ova\u0165 klimatick\u00fa zmenu.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa zdrojom potravy<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Ryby, m\u00e4kk\u00fd\u0161e, k\u00f4rovce a \u010fal\u0161ie morsk\u00e9 organizmy predstavuj\u00fa hlavn\u00fd zdroj bielkov\u00edn pre miliardy \u013eud\u00ed po celom svete. Morsk\u00e9 ryb\u00e1rstvo a akvakult\u00fara zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu v glob\u00e1lnej potravinovej bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m na Zemi, ktor\u00fd st\u00e1le nepozn\u00e1me<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Oce\u00e1n predstavuje najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te<\/strong>. Pokr\u00fdva viac ne\u017e 70 % zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu a poskytuje domov nesmiernemu mno\u017estvu organizmov \u2013 od mikroskopick\u00e9ho plankt\u00f3nu a\u017e po najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy sveta. Napriek st\u00e1ro\u010diam v\u00fdskumu zost\u00e1va ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 oce\u00e1nov st\u00e1le zahalen\u00e1 tajomstvom. Vedci ka\u017edoro\u010dne objavuj\u00fa stovky nov\u00fdch druhov morsk\u00fdch organizmov, od drobn\u00fdch bezstavovcov a\u017e po doteraz nezn\u00e1me druhy r\u00fdb, koralov \u010di hlbokomorsk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. Odhaduje sa, \u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 druhov \u017eij\u00facich v oce\u00e1noch e\u0161te st\u00e1le nebola vedecky op\u00edsan\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Hlbok\u00e9 oce\u00e1ny patria medzi najmenej presk\u00faman\u00e9 miesta na Zemi. \u010casto sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee o povrchu Mesiaca m\u00e1me podrobnej\u0161ie mapy a viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed ne\u017e o dne svetov\u00fdch oce\u00e1nov. Hoci toto prirovnanie nie je \u00faplne doslovn\u00e9, dobre vystihuje skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 oce\u00e1nskeho dna zost\u00e1va st\u00e1le nedostato\u010dne presk\u00faman\u00e1. Modern\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie n\u00e1m postupne umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa odha\u013eova\u0165 nov\u00e9 podmorsk\u00e9 pohoria, ka\u0148ony, ekosyst\u00e9my a druhy, ktor\u00e9 boli e\u0161te doned\u00e1vna \u00faplne nezn\u00e1me.<\/p>\n

\"\" \u00a0\"\" \u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Oce\u00e1ny pom\u00e1haj\u00fa zachra\u0148ova\u0165 \u017eivoty<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Oce\u00e1ny nie s\u00fa len zdrojom potravy a kysl\u00edka. Predstavuj\u00fa aj obrovsk\u00fa pr\u00edrodn\u00fa \u201elek\u00e1re\u0148\u201c<\/strong>. Vedci u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia sk\u00famaj\u00fa morsk\u00e9 organizmy, preto\u017ee mnoh\u00e9 z nich produkuj\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 sa v suchozemsk\u00fdch organizmoch v\u00f4bec nevyskytuj\u00fa. Pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka v\u00fdskumu morsk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov, bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed, h\u00fab \u010di rias vznikli alebo sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa lie\u010div\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pri lie\u010dbe rakoviny, chronickej bolesti, v\u00edrusov\u00fdch \u010di z\u00e1palov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Oce\u00e1ny tak nepredstavuj\u00fa len z\u00e1sob\u00e1re\u0148 \u017eivota, ale aj v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zdroj vedeck\u00fdch objavov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu v bud\u00facnosti pom\u00f4c\u0165 zachra\u0148ova\u0165 mili\u00f3ny \u013eudsk\u00fdch \u017eivotov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd druh, ktor\u00fd v oce\u00e1ne strat\u00edme sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e ho spozn\u00e1me, m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 stratu potenci\u00e1lneho lieku alebo d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho vedeck\u00e9ho objavu. Pr\u00e1ve preto s\u00fa oce\u00e1ny nielen \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom pre fungovanie plan\u00e9ty, ale aj jednou z posledn\u00fdch ve\u013ek\u00fdch hran\u00edc vedeck\u00e9ho poznania. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 exped\u00edcia m\u00f4\u017ee prinies\u0165 objavy, ktor\u00e9 zmenia na\u0161e ch\u00e1panie \u017eivota na Zemi, fungovania kl\u00edmy alebo dokonca bud\u00faceho v\u00fdvoja medic\u00edny.<\/p>\n

Poskytuj\u00fa pracovn\u00e9 miesta<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed pracuj\u00fa v odvetviach spojen\u00fdch s oce\u00e1nmi \u2013 v rybolove, lodnej doprave, turizme, vedeckom v\u00fdskume, energetike \u010di ochrane pr\u00edrody.<\/p>\n

Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa svetov\u00fd obchod<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Pribli\u017ene 90 % medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu sa prepravuje po mori. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00fdrobkov, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148, absolvovala aspo\u0148 \u010das\u0165 svojej cesty na n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch lodiach.<\/p>\n

Poskytuj\u00fa priestor na oddych a rekre\u00e1ciu<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1\u017ee, pobre\u017eia, pot\u00e1panie, plachtenie \u010di pozorovanie ve\u013er\u00fdb ka\u017edoro\u010dne pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa mili\u00f3ny turistov a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 pr\u00edjmy.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00fd v\u00fdznam maj\u00fa oce\u00e1ny pre Slovensko?<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee sa zda\u0165, \u017ee krajina bez mora s oce\u00e1nmi nes\u00favis\u00ed. Opak je pravdou. Vzduch, ktor\u00fd d\u00fdchame,<\/strong> je \u010diasto\u010dne produkovan\u00fd oce\u00e1nmi. Kl\u00edma v Eur\u00f3pe je ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00e1 oce\u00e1nskymi pr\u00fadmi<\/strong> a procesmi prebiehaj\u00facimi tis\u00edce kilometrov od na\u0161ich hran\u00edc. Aj voda zo Slovenska je s oce\u00e1nom prepojen\u00e1. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u00fazemia Slovenska patr\u00ed do povodia Dunaja. Da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda, ktor\u00e1 spadne na slovensk\u00e9 hory, sa cez rieky postupne dost\u00e1va do Dunaja a n\u00e1sledne do \u010cierneho mora<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zne\u010distenie, ktor\u00e9 sa dostane do na\u0161ich riek, m\u00f4\u017ee napokon skon\u010di\u0165 v oce\u00e1ne. A naopak, zdravie oce\u00e1nov ovplyv\u0148uje kvalitu \u017eivota aj vo vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Kelpov\u00e9 lesy a morsk\u00e9 l\u00faky<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Pod hladinou oce\u00e1nov sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa jedny z najprodukt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mov na plan\u00e9te. Kelpov\u00e9 lesy tvoren\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00fdmi hned\u00fdmi riasami vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa podmorsk\u00e9 \u201elesy\u201c, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa \u00fakryt a potravu stovk\u00e1m druhov organizmov. \u017dij\u00fa v nich ryby, morsk\u00e9 vydry, tulene aj mnoh\u00e9 bezstavovce. Podobne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fa morsk\u00e9 l\u00faky tvoren\u00e9 morsk\u00fdmi tr\u00e1vami. Okrem toho, \u017ee poskytuj\u00fa \u00fato\u010disko ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1m mnoh\u00fdch druhov, patria medzi naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 z\u00e1sob\u00e1rne uhl\u00edka na Zemi.<\/p>\n

\"\" \u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Koralov\u00e9 \u00fatesy \u2013 centr\u00e1 morskej biodiverzity<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Koralov\u00e9 \u00fatesy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa menej ne\u017e jedno percento oce\u00e1nskeho dna, no poskytuj\u00fa domov pribli\u017ene \u0161tvrtine v\u0161etk\u00fdch morsk\u00fdch druhov. \u010casto sa ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako \u201eda\u017e\u010fov\u00e9 pralesy oce\u00e1nov\u201c. Chr\u00e1nia pobre\u017eia pred siln\u00fdmi vlnami, podporuj\u00fa rybolov a ka\u017edoro\u010dne pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa mili\u00f3ny turistov. Ke\u010f s\u00fa koralov\u00e9 \u00fatesy zdrav\u00e9, prosperuj\u00fa cel\u00e9 morsk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my. Ke\u010f s\u00fa po\u0161koden\u00e9, n\u00e1sledky sa \u0161\u00edria cel\u00fdm potravinov\u00fdm re\u0165azcom.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013eryby \u2013 obri s ne\u010dakane ve\u013ek\u00fdm v\u00fdznamom<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Ve\u013eryby nepatria len medzi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy plan\u00e9ty. Zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj v\u00fdznamn\u00fa ekologick\u00fa \u00falohu.<\/strong> Po\u010das \u017eivota ukladaj\u00fa vo svojich tel\u00e1ch ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo uhl\u00edka. Ke\u010f prirodzene uhyn\u00fa, ich tel\u00e1 klesn\u00fa na morsk\u00e9 dno, kde m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 uhl\u00edk ulo\u017een\u00fd na stovky rokov. Ich pohyb navy\u0161e premie\u0161ava \u017eiviny medzi r\u00f4znymi vrstvami oce\u00e1nu. Tieto \u017eiviny podporuj\u00fa rast fytoplankt\u00f3nu, ktor\u00fd produkuje kysl\u00edk a pohlcuje oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd. Ve\u013eryby tak nepriamo pom\u00e1haj\u00fa regulova\u0165 kl\u00edmu a podporuj\u00fa produktivitu oce\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n

Ako sa podarilo zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 ve\u013eryby<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Po\u010das 19. a 20. storo\u010dia boli ve\u013eryby loven\u00e9 v obrovsk\u00fdch po\u010dtoch. Niektor\u00e9 druhy sa dostali na pokraj vyhynutia. V 70. a 80. rokoch za\u010dali vedci, environment\u00e1lne organiz\u00e1cie a verejnos\u0165 upozor\u0148ova\u0165 na katastrof\u00e1lny stav popul\u00e1ci\u00ed ve\u013er\u00fdb. Protesty, kampane, dokument\u00e1rne filmy a rast\u00faci tlak verejnosti postupne zmenili verejn\u00fa mienku. V\u00fdsledkom bolo prijatie morat\u00f3ria na komer\u010dn\u00fd lov ve\u013er\u00fdb, ktor\u00e9 vst\u00fapilo do platnosti v roku 1986 na z\u00e1klade rozhodnut\u00ed prijat\u00fdch v roku 1982 v r\u00e1mci Medzin\u00e1rodnej ve\u013eryb\u00e1rskej komisie. Nie v\u0161etky probl\u00e9my boli vyrie\u0161en\u00e9, ale mnoh\u00e9 popul\u00e1cie ve\u013er\u00fdb sa odvtedy za\u010dali zotavova\u0165.<\/p>\n

Je to jeden z najlep\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edkladov toho, \u017ee verejn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem, spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie a spolo\u010densk\u00fd tlak dok\u00e1\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 rozhodnutia vl\u00e1d aj priemyslu. Dnes s\u00fa na svete len tri krajiny, ktor\u00e9 vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej alebo men\u0161ej miere povo\u013euj\u00fa komer\u010dn\u00fd lov ve\u013er\u00fdb, s\u00fa nimi Japonsko, N\u00f3rsko a Island.<\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie hrozby pre oce\u00e1ny<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010distenie<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sa do oce\u00e1nov dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa mili\u00f3ny ton plastov\u00e9ho odpadu. Plasty sami o sebe nie s\u00fa v\u017edy probl\u00e9mom. Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v zdravotn\u00edctve, doprave, energetike, obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojoch energie \u010di pri ochrane potrav\u00edn. Probl\u00e9m vznik\u00e1 vtedy, ke\u010f sa po pou\u017eit\u00ed dostan\u00fa do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia.<\/p>\n

Mikroplasty<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 predmety sa postupne rozpadaj\u00fa na drobn\u00e9 \u010dastice naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 mikroplasty. Tieto \u010dastice boli n\u00e1jden\u00e9 v oce\u00e1nskej vode, hlbokomorsk\u00fdch sedimentoch, arktickom \u013eade, ryb\u00e1ch, morsk\u00fdch vt\u00e1koch, ve\u013eryb\u00e1ch aj v \u013eudskom tele.<\/p>\n

Morsk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy si ich \u010dasto m\u00fdlia s potravou. Mikroplasty m\u00f4\u017eu:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • zni\u017eova\u0165 pocit hladu a sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 podv\u00fd\u017eivu,<\/li>\n
  • po\u0161kodzova\u0165 tr\u00e1viaci trakt,<\/li>\n
  • pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky,<\/li>\n
  • ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 rozmno\u017eovanie a rast organizmov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Vedci st\u00e1le sk\u00famaj\u00fa v\u0161etky ich d\u00f4sledky, no je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee predstavuj\u00fa nov\u00fd typ zne\u010distenia, ktor\u00fd sa \u0161\u00edri prakticky v\u0161ade.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Ve\u013ek\u00e1 tichomorsk\u00e1 odpadkov\u00e1 \u0161kvrna<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

    Jedn\u00fdm z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch symbolov plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia je Ve\u013ek\u00e1 tichomorsk\u00e1 odpadkov\u00e1 \u0161kvrna. Nejde o pevn\u00fd ostrov odpadu, ale o oblas\u0165 v severnom Tichom oce\u00e1ne, kde oce\u00e1nske pr\u00fady s\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo plastov\u00e9ho odpadu. Tvoria ju mili\u00f3ny kusov plastov r\u00f4znych ve\u013ekost\u00ed \u2013 od ryb\u00e1rskych siet\u00ed a\u017e po mikroplasty. Pr\u00e1ve tu dnes prebiehaj\u00fa viacer\u00e9 projekty zameran\u00e9 na zachyt\u00e1vanie a odstra\u0148ovanie odpadu z oce\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Nadmern\u00fd rybolov<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

    Nadmern\u00fd rybolov nast\u00e1va vtedy, ke\u010f s\u00fa ryby a in\u00e9 morsk\u00e9 organizmy loven\u00e9 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, ne\u017e sa ich popul\u00e1cie dok\u00e1\u017eu prirodzene obnovova\u0165.<\/strong> Jednou z najkontroverznej\u0161\u00edch met\u00f3d je vle\u010dn\u00fd rybolov<\/strong> pri dne (bottom trawling), pri ktorom ve\u013ek\u00e9 siete za\u0165a\u017eovan\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eidlami vle\u010d\u00fa ryb\u00e1rske lode po morskom dne. Tieto siete pri svojom pohybe zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa nielen cie\u013eov\u00e9 druhy r\u00fdb, ale \u010dasto ni\u010dia aj koraly, morsk\u00e9 l\u00faky a \u010fal\u0161ie citliv\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, pri\u010dom za sebou zanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa rozsiahle po\u0161kodenie morsk\u00e9ho dna.<\/p>\n

    S nadmern\u00fdm rybolovom \u00fazko s\u00favis\u00ed aj takzvan\u00fd bycatch, teda nechcen\u00fd \u00falovok. Ide o \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, ktor\u00e9 ryb\u00e1ri nechceli ulovi\u0165, no napriek tomu skon\u010dia v sie\u0165ach \u2013 napr\u00edklad morsk\u00e9 korytna\u010dky, delf\u00edny, \u017eraloky, morsk\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky alebo mlad\u00e9 jedince komer\u010dne loven\u00fdch druhov r\u00fdb. Ke\u010f sa z ekosyst\u00e9mu odstr\u00e1ni pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea jedincov, naru\u0161\u00ed sa rovnov\u00e1ha cel\u00e9ho potravinov\u00e9ho re\u0165azca. Niektor\u00e9 popul\u00e1cie sa n\u00e1sledne obnovuj\u00fa cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia.<\/p>\n

    Otep\u013eovanie a okys\u013eovanie oce\u00e1nov<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

    Oce\u00e1ny absorbuj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu dodato\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho klimatickou zmenou. Vy\u0161\u0161ie teploty ved\u00fa k \u010dastej\u0161iemu bieleniu koralov, menia roz\u0161\u00edrenie druhov a ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa migr\u00e1ciu mnoh\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. Ke\u010f oce\u00e1ny pohlcuj\u00fa oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, men\u00ed sa chemick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie morskej vody. Vznikaj\u00fa podmienky, ktor\u00e9 s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa tvorbu schr\u00e1nok a kostier mnoh\u00fdm organizmom vr\u00e1tane koralov, last\u00farnikov \u010di niektor\u00fdch druhov plankt\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n

    Ochrana oce\u00e1nov funguje<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

    Jedn\u00fdm z naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov ochrany oce\u00e1nov s\u00fa morsk\u00e9 chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 oblasti<\/strong>. Ide o \u00fazemia, kde je rybolov \u010di in\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 aktivity obmedzen\u00e9 alebo \u00faplne zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, aby mali morsk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my priestor na obnovu.<\/p>\n

    V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je v\u0161ak pr\u00edsne chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 len pribli\u017ene 3 % rozlohy svetov\u00fdch oce\u00e1nov<\/strong>. Aj preto sa krajiny sveta zaviazali usilova\u0165 o ochranu 30 % oce\u00e1nov do roku 2030.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    V\u00fdskumy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee morsk\u00e9 rezerv\u00e1cie funguj\u00fa ve\u013emi dobre. Ryby a \u010fal\u0161ie morsk\u00e9 organizmy v nich maj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 dor\u00e1s\u0165 do dospelosti a rozmno\u017eova\u0165 sa bez neust\u00e1leho tlaku rybolovu. Ke\u010f\u017ee morsk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy nepoznaj\u00fa hranice vyzna\u010den\u00e9 na map\u00e1ch, \u010das\u0165 popul\u00e1ci\u00ed sa prirodzene pres\u00fava aj mimo chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde n\u00e1sledne dop\u013a\u0148a popul\u00e1cie v okolit\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

    Pr\u00e1ve preto m\u00f4\u017ee ochrana oce\u00e1nov prospieva\u0165 nielen pr\u00edrode, ale aj ryb\u00e1rom. Udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd rybolov toti\u017e s\u00e1m o sebe nie je probl\u00e9mom. \u013dudstvo z\u00edskava potravu z mor\u00ed u\u017e tis\u00edce rokov. Probl\u00e9m vznik\u00e1 a\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f sa lov\u00ed viac r\u00fdb, ne\u017e sa ich popul\u00e1cie dok\u00e1\u017eu prirodzene obnovova\u0165. Ak sa rybolov vykon\u00e1va zodpovedne a v primeranej miere, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojom potravy aj ob\u017eivy pre mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed po celom svete.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u010co m\u00f4\u017eeme robi\u0165 my?<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

    Ochrana oce\u00e1nov nie je len ot\u00e1zkou ve\u013ek\u00fdch medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch doh\u00f4d. Pom\u00e1ha obmedzovanie jednorazov\u00fdch plastov, zodpovedn\u00e9 triedenie odpadu, pou\u017e\u00edvanie opakovane pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov \u010di podpora firiem, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia zni\u017eova\u0165 svoju environment\u00e1lnu stopu. Rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u0161ak uvedomi\u0165 si, \u017ee rie\u0161enie nele\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dne na jednotlivcoch. Potrebn\u00e9 s\u00fa aj technologick\u00e9 inov\u00e1cie, zodpovedn\u00e1 politika, efekt\u00edvne odpadov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo a spolupr\u00e1ca \u0161t\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n

    Aj na\u0161e ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 rozhodnutia maj\u00fa vplyv na zdravie oce\u00e1nov. V \u010dase nadmernej spotreby je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nakupova\u0165 uv\u00e1\u017elivo, vybera\u0165 si len to, \u010do skuto\u010dne potrebujeme a obmedzova\u0165 zbyto\u010dn\u00fd odpad.<\/strong> Pom\u00f4c\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee aj jednoduch\u00e9 pravidlo 3R<\/strong> \u2013 R<\/strong>educe (obmedzuj), R<\/strong>euse (pou\u017e\u00edvaj opakovane) a R<\/strong>ecycle (recykluj). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa m\u00f4\u017eeme sna\u017ei\u0165 obmedzi\u0165 jednorazov\u00e9 plasty ako s\u00fa igelitov\u00e9 s\u00e1\u010dky \u010di plastov\u00e9 f\u013ea\u0161e a uprednost\u0148ova\u0165 trv\u00e1cnej\u0161ie a udr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161ie materi\u00e1ly v na\u0161ich dom\u00e1cnostiach. Aj mal\u00e9 zmeny v ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch n\u00e1vykoch m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd pozit\u00edvny vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n

    Nov\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia materi\u00e1lov<\/b><\/p>\n

    Napriek rozsahu probl\u00e9mu existuj\u00fa aj d\u00f4vody na optimizmus. Vedci a firmy po celom svete intenz\u00edvne pracuj\u00fa na v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 by mohli zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 mno\u017estvo plastov\u00e9ho odpadu v pr\u00edrode. \u010coraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pozornos\u0165 z\u00edskavaj\u00fa bioplasty vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov ako s\u00fa kukurica, cukrov\u00e1 trstina, zemiakov\u00fd \u0161krob \u010di riasy. Niektor\u00e9 z nich s\u00fa za vhodn\u00fdch podmienok \u010diasto\u010dne biologicky rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9, in\u00e9 sa dok\u00e1\u017eu rozlo\u017ei\u0165 \u00faplne. Hoci bioplasty nie s\u00fa univerz\u00e1lnym rie\u0161en\u00edm a st\u00e1le maj\u00fa svoje obmedzenia, predstavuj\u00fa jeden z n\u00e1dejn\u00fdch smerov, ako zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv a obmedzi\u0165 mno\u017estvo plastov\u00e9ho odpadu. Bud\u00facnos\u0165 preto pravdepodobne nebude spo\u010d\u00edva\u0165 len v lep\u0161ej recykl\u00e1cii, ale aj vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed obnovite\u013en\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov pri v\u00fdrobe nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n

    Pozit\u00edvne zmeny sa u\u017e dej\u00fa<\/b><\/p>\n

    D\u00f4vodom na optimizmus nie s\u00fa len nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a materi\u00e1ly, ale aj \u013eudia. Po celom svete p\u00f4sobia tis\u00edce organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, ob\u010dianskych zdru\u017een\u00ed, dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov a environment\u00e1lnych iniciat\u00edv, ktor\u00e9 sa venuj\u00fa \u010disteniu riek, pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, pobre\u017e\u00ed aj samotn\u00fdch oce\u00e1nov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok odstr\u00e1nia z pr\u00edrody tis\u00edce ton odpadu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa zvy\u0161ova\u0165 povedomie o ochrane \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Ich pr\u00e1ca ukazuje, \u017ee aj ke\u010f s\u00fa probl\u00e9my ve\u013ek\u00e9, existuje mno\u017estvo \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa ich akt\u00edvne sna\u017eia rie\u0161i\u0165 \u2013 a pr\u00e1ve to d\u00e1va n\u00e1dej do bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n

    Oce\u00e1ny s\u00fa aj na\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edbehom<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

    Aj ke\u010f Slovensko nem\u00e1 morsk\u00e9 pobre\u017eie, sme s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou rovnak\u00e9ho prepojen\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Vzduch, ktor\u00fd d\u00fdchame, kl\u00edma, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje na\u0161e po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, aj rieky, ktor\u00e9 pretekaj\u00fa na\u0161ou krajinou, s\u00fa s oce\u00e1nom \u00fazko spojen\u00e9.<\/p>\n

    Pr\u00edbeh ochrany ve\u013er\u00fdb ukazuje, \u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 dok\u00e1\u017ee meni\u0165 svet k lep\u0161iemu. Pr\u00edbeh morsk\u00fdch rezerv\u00e1ci\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee pr\u00edroda sa dok\u00e1\u017ee zotavi\u0165, ke\u010f jej d\u00e1me priestor.<\/strong> Hoci dnes oce\u00e1ny \u010delia viacer\u00fdm v\u00e1\u017enym v\u00fdzvam, existuj\u00fa rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa a mno\u017estvo \u013eud\u00ed po celom svete sa akt\u00edvne podie\u013ea na ich ochrane.<\/p>\n

    Aj preto sme sa v S\u00f3ley Lingo 14. j\u00fana venovali t\u00e9me oce\u00e1nov, ich v\u00fdznamu, s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m aj mo\u017enostiam ochrany. Ver\u00edme, \u017ee vzdel\u00e1vanie a \u0161\u00edrenie overen\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pozit\u00edvnych zmien.<\/p>\n

    \"\"\u00a0 \"\" \"\"\u00a0 \"\"<\/p>\n

    V r\u00e1mci na\u0161ej osvetovej a vzdel\u00e1vacej \u010dinnosti pon\u00fakame t\u00fato predn\u00e1\u0161ku aj pre z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 a stredn\u00e9 \u0161koly, organiz\u00e1cie, in\u0161tit\u00facie, firmy a \u010fal\u0161ie skupiny z\u00e1ujemcov.<\/strong> Ak v\u00e1s t\u00e9ma oce\u00e1nov, plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia, klimatickej zmeny \u010di ochrany pr\u00edrody zauj\u00edma a radi by ste ju priniesli aj do va\u0161ej \u0161koly alebo organiz\u00e1cie, nev\u00e1hajte n\u00e1s kontaktova\u0165.<\/p>\n

    Preto\u017ee aj mal\u00e9 kroky m\u00f4\u017eu rozv\u00edri\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 vlny.<\/em><\/h5>\n

    Mgr. Dominika Fran\u00e7ois<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pre\u010do s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 aj pre \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich stovky kilometrov od mora Ke\u010f sa povie oce\u00e1n, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z n\u00e1s si predstav\u00ed pl\u00e1\u017ee, koralov\u00e9 \u00fatesy, ve\u013eryby alebo exotick\u00e9 krajiny. Oce\u00e1ny v\u0161ak nie s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 len pre pobre\u017en\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty. Ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eivot ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka na Zemi \u2013 vr\u00e1tane n\u00e1s na Slovensku. Pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa viac ne\u017e 70 % povrchu plan\u00e9ty, obsahuj\u00fa […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-soley-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4597"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4601,"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597\/revisions\/4601"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soleylingo.sk\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}